Introduction of Computer

Computers are automatic electronic devices that can perform complex tasks by breaking them into simple calculations and doing them extremely quickly .They have the ability to store, manipulate, and communicate information. Computers had a massive impact on our lives.

Objective of the Study

1) This study will be conducted to achieve following objectives:
2) To get the general information about the computer.
3) To know the devices inserted inside the computer.
4) To know the functions of these devices.

Outlook of Computer

1) Desktop

2) Tower

3) Laptop (Notebook)

Major Component need to run the Computer

Power Supply or SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply)
1) Motherboard
2) Processor (CPU)
3) RAM
4) Monitor

Major Component need to run the Computer

Power Supply or SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply)
1) Motherboard
2) Processor (CPU)
3) RAM
4) Monitor

Power Supply or SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply)

The Power Supply provides the necessary electrical power to make the PC operate. • It takes standard 220 volt AC power and converts it into 12V, 5V, and sometimes 3.3 volt DC power.
Two types of Power Supply
a. AT

b. ATX

Motherboard

Everything is connected to the motherboard.
A motherboard is a thin, flat piece of circuit board,, usually slightly larger than a piece of paper.

Processor (CPU)

The CPU (Central Processing Unit, also called the microprocessor) is where all the calculations take place in the PC.
CPUs will be either PGA (Pin Grid Array) or SEC (Single Edge Cartridge) or Pin less

RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM (Random Access Memory) is where the CPU stores programs and data that it is currently using.
RAM is measured in units called "bytes“ and "megabytes."
SDRAM
DDRAM 1
DDRAM 2

Display Unit

Display unit
Monitor is output device all the processing information is Display in Display unit.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)

Other Component

ROM (Read Only Memory)
When we switch on a computer, a program that is permanently stored in the ROM checks the computer and makes it ready for use. The ROM’s program cannot be changed.

Storage Device

Hard disk
• Hard drives store programs and data that are not currently being used by the CPU.
• Hard drive capacity is measured in megabytes and gigabytes.
IDE
40 Pin
SCSI
50 Pin
SATA

Floppy

A floppy disk is data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible ("floppy") magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. Two Types of Floppy are
3.5” Floppy

5.25” Floppy

Pen Drive (USB Flash Drive)

It is most portable Storage Device. Now a days high capacity pen drive is available in the Market.

USB Hard drive

It is the external Storage Drive. Using USB DATA Cable, we can use this Drive

ZIP Drive

The Zip drive is a medium-capacity removable disk storage system, introduced by Iomega in late 1994. Originally, Zip disks had a capacity of 100 MB, but later versions increased this to first 250 MB and then 750 MB.

CD /DVD

CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory") is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to, but not writable by, a computer

VGA Card/ AGP Card

• The video card will have a distinct 15-pin DB connector.
• While most DB connectors will have only two rows of pins, the video card will have three rows

NI Card (Network Card)

• Network cards (NICs) provide the interface between the network and the PC. Networks are connected PCs that share information. The PCs are usually connected by some type of cabling, usually an advanced type of phone. And Connecter is Called RJ45
ncable or coax.

Sound Card

Sound card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to/from a computer
• In order to play and record sounds, a soundcard needs to connect at least to a set of speakers and a microphone.
• Soundcards have four sockets for mini-type audio jacks:
– Microphone, Speaker, Line In, and Line Out.

Different Port

1) USB( Universal Serial Bus) Port
USB ports can handle many more devices
1) Keyboards
2) Mouse
3) Digital cameras
4) Printers
5) Data Cable
6) And many more

Printer Port (Parallel Port)

A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers for connecting various peripherals. It is also known as a printer port. It have 25 - pin

Serial Port

• It takes a stream of serial data and converts it into a format that is easily understood by the CPU.
• The serial connector was and is either a 25- or a 9- pin male DB connector.
• You can get an adapter that enables you to convert 9 to 25 or 25 to 9.

Modem

1) A modem works with your telephone line.
2) A modem is designed to translate analog telephone signals into digital serial data

Advantage

1) Knowledge of Computer make ease to assemble the computer
2) Knowledge of Parts and its function

Disadvantage

Due to the little knowledge about the connection of computer devices, connection of parts may be connected wrongly which results not only peripheral devices whole system and computer set will be damage

Applications

Introduction

The ALSA driver is fully compatible with OSS/Lite Mixer and PCM interfaces, so probably all OSS (Open Sound System) applications which use these interfaces should work. The ALSA driver offers better native interfaces, and many applications now offer native support. If your Application is not mentioned, please edit this page and add it.

Compatible
All OSS applications should work with ALSA through the OSS emulation layer.
[edit] Native (0.9.0)

Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) project homepage

Introduction

The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) provides audio and MIDI functionality to the Linux operating system. ALSA has the following significant features:
Efficient support for all types of audio interfaces, from consumer sound cards to professional multichannel audio interfaces.
Fully modularized sound drivers.
SMP and thread-safe design.
User space library (alsa-lib) to simplify application programming and provide higher level functionality.
Support for the older Open Sound System (OSS) API, providing binary compatibility for most OSS programs.